Project Objectives
- Develop a clear, reproducible segmentation protocol for CT and MRI heart data using open‑source software.
- Identify polymer materials that best mimic the feel and behaviour of human cardiac tissue.
- Create a cost‑effective silicone moulding method to produce multiple heart models from a single 3D print.
- Test the usefulness of these 3D printed heart models in surgical training through a dedicated workshop.
3Rs Impact
- Provides a realistic, low cost alternative to live animals for cardiac surgery training.
- Reduces the need for animal use in international surgical workshops.
- Enables widespread adoption through open-source tools and cost-effective moulding methods.
- Supports long term cultural change in surgical education by demonstrating the effectiveness of 3D printed models.
Background
Training surgeons on live animals remains common in many countries, despite ethical concerns and the availability of emerging alternatives. Although this practice is prohibited in Switzerland, Swiss surgeons can still participate in animal‑based training abroad. At the same time, 3D printed anatomical models are gaining attention as a promising replacement, offering realistic structures for practising complex procedures. However, widespread adoption is limited by two major barriers: the high cost of commercial 3D printing workflows and the lack of standardised, open‑source methods for preparing anatomical models.
This project addresses both challenges by developing an accessible, low‑cost pipeline for producing realistic 3D heart models for surgical training. Using open‑source segmentation tools, the team will create reproducible methods for converting CT and MRI data into printable models. They will then test different polymers and silicone moulding techniques to produce heart replicas that accurately simulate tissue properties while keeping costs low. Finally, the models will be evaluated in a hands‑on workshop with cardiac surgeons to assess their realism and training value.
By providing a validated, affordable, and openly shared method, the project aims to accelerate the replacement of live animals in cardiovascular surgery training worldwide.
